Woolly mammoths were large elephants that lived from about 120,000 to 4,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age. Cave paintings of the woolly mammoth have been found in France and Spain. Woolly mammoths are closely related to the Indian elephant.

Anatomy and Diet: Woolly mammoths had long, black, shaggy fur and two huge, curving tusks. The tusks were used for protection and for digging in the snow for grass and other food. Woolly mammoths were about 11.5 feet (3.5 m) long, 9.5 feet (2.9 m) tall at the shoulder and weighed about 3 tons (2.75 tonnes). They were larger than mastodons and modern-day elephants.

Adaptations to the Cold: Some of the obvious adaptations of the woolly mammoth to its cold, snowy environment were its long hair (which insulated its body and kept it warm), its long tusks (which it used to get food through the snow and ice, and also may have been used as protection), its small ears (which minimized heat loss), and its relatively large size (which also minimized heat loss).

Extinction: The woolly mammoth probably went extinct because it couldn't adapt to the combined pressures of the climatic warming that occured when the Ice Age ended, together with predation from humans.

Questions:
1. What was the climate like when the woolly mammoth lived? ______________________________

2. Did humans coexist with the woolly mammoth? ______________________________

3. When did woolly mammoths go extinct? ____________________________________

4. What modern animal is related to the woolly mammoth? ________________________

5. List four ways the woolly mammoth was adapted to the cold. __________________________,

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