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Echinoderms are spiny-skinned invertebrates that live on the ocean floor. The word echinoderm means "spiny skin." No echinoderms are found in fresh water. Modern-day echinoderms have five-fold symmetry (they are pentameral), having arms or rays in multiples of five. Some fossil echinoderms did not have five-fold symmetry.

Echinoderms are armored animals that have a hard endoskeleton made of interlocking calcium carbonate plates and spines. These slow-moving creatures have a water-vascular system (a rudimentary circulatory system), water-filled channels that go through the body.

The oldest-known fossil echinoderm is Arkarua, which lived in pre-Cambrian times, during the Vendian period, roughly 560 million years ago, in what is now Australia.

Some echinoderms include sea stars (also called starfish), brittle stars (which includes basket stars), sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sand dollars, and crinoids (also called feather stars, which have a soft body surrounded by upwards-facing arms). Classification: Kingdom Animalia (animals), Phylum Echinodermata.

Echinoderms printouts:

Brittle Star A bottom-dwelling marine invertebrate with long, spiny arms.

Purple Sea Urchin A spiny, globular animal that lives on the ocean floor off the western coast of North America.

Sand Dollar Sand Dollars are echinoderms, disk-shaped spiny-skinned sea bed animals that have 5-part radial symmetry.

Sea Star (Starfish) Sea stars, another name for starfish, are animals that live on the ocean floor.

Sea Cucumber Sea cucumbers are cylinder-shaped echinoderms.

Sea Urchin A spiny, globular animal that lives on the ocean floor.

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