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| Fillmore, Millard Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) was the 13th president of the United States. Fillmore was born on January 7, 1800 in Locke, New York. Fillmore was Vice President under Zachary Taylor, but became president after Taylor died in office. Although Fillmore was against slavery, he approved of the Compromise of 1850, which allowed more new slave states to be entered into the Union and harshly penalized people who helped runaway slaves; because of this, Fillmore lost much of his support from the North. One of Fillmore's achievements was opening up trade with Japan (Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan). Fillmore was president from 1850 until 1853, and died on March 8, 1874 in Buffalo, New York. |
 Flag DayFlag Day is a holiday that celebrates the flag of a country. In the USA, Flag Day is celebrated on June 14 each year. |
  FloridaFlorida is a state in the southeastern United States of Florida. Its capital is Talahassee. Florida was the 27th state in the USA; it became a state on March 3, 1845. |
 Ford, GeraldGerald R. Ford (July 14, 1913 - Dec. 26, 2006) was the 38th president of the United States. Ford was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He was raised in Michigan. Ford is the only president who wasn't elected to the office of President or Vice-President. When Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned (after being involved in a scandal), US Congressman Ford took his place. When Richard Nixon resigned the presidency (after the Watergate scandal), Ford became president (from 1974-1977). A month later, Ford pardoned Nixon for any crimes he might have committed while in office; many Americans were upset over this decision, but Ford wanted to help the country recover from the trauma of Nixon's Watergate scandal. Ford lost the 1976 presidential election to Jimmy Carter. |
 Ford, HenryHenry Ford (1863-1947) was an American engineer and industrialist who used the first conveyor belt-based assembly-lines in his car factory, revolutionizing factory production. Ford manufactured affordable cars and paid high wages to his factory workers, allowing workers to buy the cars they made. After early work as a machinist, Ford built a gasoline engine in 1893. In 1896, Ford built a "horseless carriage," which he called the "Quadricycle," which means "four wheels" (others, including Charles Edgar and J. Frank Duryea, Elwood Haynes, Hiram Percy Maxim, and Charles Brady King had built earlier "horseless carriages"). In 1899, Ford formed the Detroit Automobile Company (which was later called the Henry Ford Company and then the Cadillac Motor Car Company). Ford introduced the Model T in October 1908 (every Model T was painted black); it was a great success. Ford introduced conveyor belt-based assembly-line factory production and a $5 daily wage in 1913-14 in Ford's Highland Park, Michigan, plant (primitive assembly line production had been started in 1901 by Ransome Eli Olds, another early car-maker). This type of production greatly reduced the amount of time taken to put each car together (93 minutes for a Model T) from its parts, reducing production costs. |
| Foulke, William Parker William Parker Foulke was a US scientist and dinosaur artist who found the first American dinosaur skeleton, Hadrosaurus, a duck-billed dinosaur. The fossilized bones were found by workmen in a Cretaceous marl (a crumbly type of soil) pit on the John E. Hopkins farm in Haddonfield, New Jersey beginning in 1838. Foulke heard of the discovery and recognized its importance in 1858. The dinosaur was excavated and named by US anatomist Joseph Leidy who named it Hadrosaurus foulkii (meaning "Foulke's big lizard"). |
| Founding Fathers The the "Founding Fathers" of the USA are those men who participated in the creation of the United States of America and the US Constitution. Some of the more famous of these writers and signers of the Declaration of Independence and/or the US Constitution are George Washington (the first President of the USA), Thomas Jefferson, James Madison (the fourth President of the USA), Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Hancock, Alexander Hamilton, and others. |
  Fourth of JulyAmericans celebrate their independence from Great Britain on the Fourth of July, also called Independence Day. |
| French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a seven-year-long war between Britain and France (France was allied with the Indians). Although fighting began in 1754, the war did not officially begin until 1756. They were fighting for the control of much of North America. This war was a part of a larger war that was going on in Europe. At the beginning of the war, France controlled Canada and the Louisiana Territory. Britain controlled most of the east coast of North America. In one of the first battles of the war, Lieutenant Colonel George Washington and his Virginia troops (fighting for the British) were sent to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to remove the French from their new fort. Washington was defeated by the French, and the French soon controlled the entire region. In 1756, the British began to defeat the French, especially in naval battles. In 1759, General James Wolfe's army defeated the French at Quebec (although both Gen. Wolfe and his French adversary Gen. Montcalm both died during the battle). When the French finally lost the war, the Treaty of Paris (signed on February 10, 1763) gave Britain control of Canada and the French areas east of the MIssissippi River. Spain gave Florida to Britain, and received the former French areas west of the Mississippi River. As a result of the war, the English colonists no longer needed the protection of the British against the French, and they became more independent from Britain. This war also resulted in higher taxes paid to Britain. These influences eventually led to the American Revolution. |
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Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) was an American inventor. Farnsworth invented many important components of the television, including power, focusing systems, synchronizing the signal, contrast, controls, and scanning. He also invented a radar system, a cold cathode ray tube, a new type of baby incubator, and the first electronic microscope. Farnsworth held over 300 patents.
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706-April 17, 1790) was an American statesman, writer, printer, and inventor. Franklin experimented extensively with electricity. In 1752, his experiments with a kite in a thunderstorm (never do this, many people have died trying it!) led to the development of the lightning rod. Franklin started the first circulating library in the colonies in 1731. He also invented bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove. The idea of daylight savings time was first proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1784.