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| Types of Volcanoes | The Ring of Fire | ||
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tectonic activity Tectonic activity is the shifting of a planet's surface because of changes deep inside the body. Earthquakes, fissures, rifts, and volcanoes are some results of tectonic activity. |
Tertiary period The Tertiary period lasted from 65 to 1.8 million years ago. It followed the Cretaceous period (the end of the Mesozoic Era) and the K-T extinction. Many mammals developed then, including primitive whales, rodents, pigs, cats, rhinos, etc. |
tephra Tephra is volcanic material that is airborne, like lava bombs, lapilli, and ash. |
| Tethys sea The Tethys sea was a shallow sea that existed during the early Mesozoic Era. It was the body of water that separated the landmass of Laurasia in the north from Gondwanaland in the south. |
 tide A tide is a periodic rise and fall of large bodies of water. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. The gravitational attraction of the moon causes the oceans to bulge out in the direction of the moon. Another bulge occurs on the opposite side, since the Earth is also being pulled toward the moon (and away from the water on the far side). Since the earth is rotating while this is happening, two tides occur each day. Isaac Newton was the first person to explain tides scientifically. |
TRAP ROCK Trap rock is a type of igneous rock. This solidified lava often contains pockets of crystals. |
Triassic period Dinosaurs and mammals evolved during the Triassic period, 245 - 208 million years ago. |
tropics The tropics are a 3,000 mile (4800 km) wide band around the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S latitude). |
 troposphere The troposphere is the lowest region in the Earth's (or any planet's) atmosphere. On the Earth, it goes from ground (or water) level up to about 11 miles (17 kilometers) high. The weather and clouds occur in the troposphere. In the troposphere, the temperature generally decreases as altitude increases. |
 tsunami A tsunami is a huge wave, caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, rockslides, or, more rarely, by asteroid or meteoroid impact (as in the case of the K-T extinction). |
tuff Tuff is pyroclastic rock. |
tuya A tuya is a volcano that erupts under a glacier. |
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| Types of Volcanoes | The Ring of Fire | ||
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